Coating for granulated products to improve granule adhesion, staining, and tracking

ABSTRACT

A building material product and a method of making building material products, having increased resistance to granule rub off and staining. The building material product comprises a substrate having embedded granules and an acrylic latex coating positioned on the granules, where the polymer of the acrylic latex coating has the repeating structural unit [CH 2 —C(R 1 )(R 2 )], where R 1  is hydrogen or C 1 -C 8  alkyl; R 2  is hydrogen, cyano or —COOR; and R is a linear or branched hydrocarbon containing 1-22 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R 1  and R 2  are both not hydrogen. The method includes applying this acrylic latex water based composition to a granule embedded substrate.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. Ser. No.10/883,050, now abandoned, which was filed Jul. 1, 2004

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates to granule surface building products, and moreparticularly, to granule surface building material products havingexceptional granule rub loss qualities, improved staining and improvedtracking at high temperatures.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

Building products have utilized granule coated or embedded surfaces in avariety of anti-slip, weather-resistant, fire-resistant, and decorativesurface applications. These building products include asphalt andnon-asphaltic materials.

Asphalt building products may comprise felt or fabric stock impregnatedwith asphalt and covered with weather resistant mineral granules. Someexamples of asphalt building products include asphalt shingles, asphaltsiding, and rolled roofing. Typically, rolled roofing comprises modifiedbitumen asphalt including a polymer filling and asphalt roofing shinglescomprise non-modified bitumen asphalt, which may include limestone as anadditive. Alternatively, rolled roofing may comprise non-modifiedbitumen asphalt. Modified bitumen asphalt shingles have also beencontemplated. Typical asphalt products have a glass or polyestersubstrate and a multitude of granules placed thereon and have served asrelatively inexpensive alternatives to tile, slate and wood buildingproducts.

The granules serve to protect and provide coloring to the asphaltbuilding product. For instance, granules serve to provide coloring toshingles and rolled roofing products and thus to the roof. Additionally,the granular material generally protects the underlying asphalt coatingfrom damage due to exposure to light, in particular ultraviolet (UV)light. That is, the granules reflect light and protect the asphalt fromdeterioration by photo-degradation. In addition, such granular materialimproves fire resistance and weathering characteristics. In general,granules are embedded in the coating asphalt by the application ofpressure and are retained therein by adherence to the asphalt.

Non-asphaltic building materials, such as plastic siding panels forsurfacing walls and roofs of buildings, may comprise extruded or pressedthermo-plastic materials such as polyvinylchloride (PVC). Plasticflooring is another example of non-asphaltic building materials. Similarto asphalt building products, non-asphaltic building products comprisingcoated or embedded granules can have improved fire resistance,weathering characteristics and aesthetic appearance.

Good adherence of the granules to the building product is beneficial. Inthe case of some asphaltic roofing products, loss of granules reducesthe life of the roof, since it is associated with acceleration ofphoto-degradation of the asphalt. In addition, the aesthetics of theroofing system may be compromised if granules are lost.

Granule loss can occur due to physical abrasion of the granular surface.This may occur during installation of the building material product;during maintenance; or may result from environmental conditions.Building products are especially susceptible to granule rub loss andtracking at elevated temperatures, in which granule loss and trackingmay occur when an individual walks on the roof, leaving footprints orscuffs permanently imprinted into the roofing or walk on the buildingproduct while it is stored or shipped.

In asphalt building products, as granules are secured to the asphaltsurface, there is a tendency for oils in the asphalt surface to creeponto or be adsorbed on the granules' surfaces. This creeping oradsorption of the asphalt oils on the granules' surface causesdiscoloration or staining of the granules and hence reduces the buildingmaterial products aesthetic effect.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides granular surfacebuilding products, and a method of producing same, having increasedprotection against granule rub off, improved resistance to tracking, andimproved resistance to discoloration than previously known in granularsurface building materials.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to granular surface building products forroofs, sidewalls and other surfaces such as, but not limited to,asphaltic and non-asphaltic roofing materials, wherein the granularsurface building materials have increased resistance to granule rub off,increased resistance to staining and decreased tracking. In accordancewith the present invention, an acrylic latex coated granule surfacebuilding product having increased rub-off protection is provided. Theacrylic latex coated granule surface building product comprises asubstrate having granules embedded and/or adhered therein and coatedwith an acrylic latex polymer, applied from a latex composition, whereinthe acrylic polymer has the repeating structural formula[CH₂—C(R¹)(COOR²)], where R¹ is hydrogen or C₁-C₈ alkyl; R² is hydrogen,cyano or C₁-C₈ alkyl.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process of making anacrylic latex coated granuled asphalt building product. In this process,an asphalt coating is applied to a glass fiber mat to form an asphaltproduct. Granules are thereupon deposited atop the asphalt substratefollowed by dry embedding of the granules into the asphalt laden glassfiber mat by pressure. The granule embedded asphalt mat is then coatedwith an acrylic latex water-based composition. The latex may be appliedusing conventional processes such as, but not limited to, spraying ordipping. Additionally, the acrylic latex may be applied in-line duringthe manufacturing process, wherein the latex is applied followingpressure embedding of the granules prior to cutting and packaging of theasphalt-roofing product.

Following the application of the acrylic latex coating, the structure isthen dried to form an acrylic latex coated granule surface asphaltbuilding product having increased rub off resistance, improved trackingresistance, and resistance to staining. Optionally, as an alternative toapplying the acrylic latex coating during the manufacturing process, theacrylic latex coating may be applied following the production of thegranule surface asphalt building product.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process of making anacrylic latex coated granule surface non-asphaltic building product. Anon-asphaltic substrate is first provided which may include suchconventional substrates as vinyl, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plastisol ororganosol layers as commonly used in vinyl flooring, siding and roofing.The granules may be embedded into the non-asphaltic substrate by heatingthe non-asphaltic substrate close to its softening temperature,dispersing granules across the surface of the non-asphaltic substrate,and then embedding the granules into the surface of the non-asphalticsubstrate with a press.

The granule embedded non-asphaltic substrate is then coated with anacrylic latex water-based composition. The acrylic latex may be appliedby any suitable coating technique such as spraying, dipping, knifecoating or roll coating, with roll coating being preferred.Additionally, the acrylic latex may be applied in-line during themanufacturing process, wherein the latex is applied following pressureembedding of the granules prior to cutting and packaging of thenon-asphaltic building products. Optionally, as an alternative toapplying the acrylic latex coating during the manufacturing process, theacrylic latex coating may be applied following the production of thenon-asphaltic building product.

Following the application of the acrylic latex coating, the structure isthen dried to form a granule surfaced building product having increasedrub off resistance and resistance to staining.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The building product of the present invention includes an asphaltic ornon-asphaltic substrate embedded with granules, which is coated with anacrylic latex coating. The acrylic polymer employed in the latexcomposition coating the substrate embedded with roofing granules, hasthe repeating structural unit [CH₂—C(R¹)(COOR²)], where R¹ is hydrogenor C₁-C₈ alkyl; R² is hydrogen, cyano or C₁-C₈ alkyl. In a preferredembodiment, the polymer employed in the latex composition is ahomopolymer or copolymer of methacrylic acid, a methacrylic ester, anacrylate ester or acrylonitrite.

The granules can be, for example, of a weather-resistant mineral rocksuch as greenstone, nephelene syenite, common gravel, slate, gannister,quartz, quartzite, greystone, argillite, coal slag, copper slag, nickelslag, etc. The granules may be coated with a ceramic coating comprisinga reaction product of an alkali metal silicate and an aluminosilicate.Typical granules have sizes ranging from about 420-1680 micrometers (40to 12 mesh US). The use of somewhat larger or smaller granules, however,is within the scope of this invention, provided the granules have a sizethat permits their functioning as granules in building products.Preferably, the granules are embedded in the substrate at a depth ofabout ¼ to ¾ of the diameter of the granules.

The substrate may be an asphaltic or non-asphaltic material. Asphaltsubstrates typically include a base mat covered with asphalt and filledwith a mineral filler or stabilizer. Asphalt is a cementitious materialhaving bitumens as a main constituent. Optionally, the asphalt may beadmixed with fine mineral filler, such as limestone, talc, mica or sand.

Non-asphaltic substrates include a variety of building materials such asvinyl flooring, vinyl floor tiles, vinyl siding, etc. The presentinvention is particularly applicable to rigid and/or flexible plasticsubstrates manufactured from conventional thermoplastic materials suchas polyolefin (e.g. polyethylene), polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride(PVC), polyvinyl fluoride, acrylic resins, acrylonitrile, butadiene,styrene, copolymers of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene (ABS), etc.PVC is a preferred plastic for the non-asphaltic substrate of theinvention.

In addition to the above-described plastics, the non-asphaltic substratemay comprise glass fibers, polyester fibers, cellulosic fibers,asbestos, steel fibers, alumina fibers, ceramic fibers, nylon fibers,graphite fibers, wool fibers, boron fibers, carbon fibers, jute fibers,polyolefin fibers, polystyrene fibers, acrylic fibers,phenolformaldehyde resin fibers, aromatic and aliphatic polyamidefibers, polyacrylamide fibers, polyacrylimide fibers or mixtures thereofwhich may include bicomponent fibers.

The material of the non-asphaltic material can contain a filler such ascalcium carbonate, talc, silicates, wood flour or any other suitablefiller as known within the skill of the art.

Flexible materials used as non-asphaltic substrates in building productsof the present invention may be further supported by asbestos sheet,woven or non-woven fibrous web, other plastisol layers, plastisol onfelt backing, etc. It should be understood that where appropriate, anon-asphaltic substrate of the invention may include a layer havingprinting or other decorative effects superimposed thereon.

In another aspect of the present invention, a process of making granularsurface building products having improved rub off resistance isprovided. In a first process step, a building material substrate isprovided, which provides the base structure for the subsequently formedgranular surface building product. Suitable building material substratesinclude interior and exterior sheet flooring, tile flooring, rolledroofing, shingles, paneling, siding, etc.

In one embodiment of the present invention the granular surfacedbuilding product may comprise an asphalt building material substrate. Inthis embodiment of the inventive process, a base mat, which may be aglass fiber mat or a polymeric web, bound by a resin binder, isprovided. The resin binder may be a thermosetting resin such asurea-formaldehyde resin, a phenol-formaldehyde resin or other phenolicresin. Alternatively, the resin binder may be a thermoplastic resin suchas polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, an acrylic resin, polyvinylacetate and bone glue. The binder may also include conventionalpolymeric modifiers.

The base mat is then coated with asphalt, which may include optionalmineral fillers, to form an asphalt substrate. The term “asphaltsubstrate” denotes that the substrate can comprise asphalt or modifiedasphalt. When forming an asphalt building product the asphalt substrateis preferably a non-modified bitumen that is applied at a preferredtemperature ranging from about 325° F. to about 450° F. In oneembodiment, wherein asphalt shingles are prepared the asphalt coatingincludes limestone as an additive. In another embodiment, wherein rolledroofing is formed, the asphalt is preferably modified with one or morepolymer additives. The modified asphalt can be applied at a preferredtemperature ranging from about 300° F. to about 425° F. More preferably,the modified asphalt is applied at a temperature of approximately 365°F.

In another embodiment of the invention, the building material substrateis a non-asphaltic material. The non-asphaltic material may be a plastic(polymeric) material, preferably being a thermoplastic material, such asPVC. In the embodiment in which the non-asphaltic substrate comprises aplastic material, the non-asphaltic substrate may be constructed by anysuitable conventional technique such as, but not limited too:compression and transfer molding, injection molding, extrusion, blowmolding, casting, or conventional vacuum forming operations.

Granules are then applied to the building material substrate. Granulesmay be applied to asphalt substrates, for example, by dropping them ontoa hot asphalt surface. The roofing granules are then pressed into theasphalt substrate surface, where the granules are embedded to a depth ofabout ¼ to ¾ the diameter of the granules into the asphalt buildingmaterial substrate.

In the embodiments of the present invention wherein the substratecomprises a non-asphaltic material such as a thermoplastic, the granulesmay be applied to the thermoplastic substrate by softening the surfaceof the thermoplastic substrate and then applying the granules, whereinthe granules are pressed into the softened surface of the thermoplasticsubstrate. The thermoplastic substrate may be softened by heating thethermoplastic substrate to its softening temperature using conventionalprocesses such as infrared heating, air knife heating, heated blowers,heated rolls, heated oven and/or like processes.

Following the application of the granules, an acrylic latex coating isapplied. The acrylic latex coating is applied from an acrylic latexwater based composition comprising from about 20% to about 90% water. Asstated above, the acrylic polymer of the latex has the repeatingstructural formula recited above and is preferably a homopolymer orcopolymer of methacrylic acid, methacrylic ester or acylonitrile. In aparticularly preferred embodiment, the polymer of the latex is acopolymer of an acrylic ester and styrene. In this preferred embodiment,a latex of the styrene/acrylate copolymer is dispersed in water suchthat copolymer comprises about 49% to about 51% and water is present ina concentration of said percentages being by weight, based on the totalweight of the latex composition.

In this preferred embodiment, the latex dispersion of a copolymer ofstyrene and butyl acrylate includes trace amounts of unreacted styreneand butyl acrylate monomers. Specifically, the latex, includes each ofthese monomers in a concentration of less than about 200 parts permillion (ppm). In this preferred embodiment the polymeric particles of asize in the range of between about 120 and 140 nanometers.

The acrylic latex may be applied at any temperature by any conventionalmethod including dipping, roller application, brushing, or spraying.Independent of the method of application, the acrylic latex water basedcoating is applied in the amount such that the weight of acrylic polymeris present in a concentration of from about 0.5 g/ft² to about 20 g/ft²;more preferably, from about 1.0 g/ft² to about 10.0 g/ft², and even morepreferably from about 2.5 g/ft² to about 5.0 g/ft². The acrylic latexwater based coating is preferably applied under ambient temperature andpressure. Alternatively, the acrylic latex coating may be applied toencapsulate the granules prior to the granules being embedded in thesubstrate.

The acrylic latex coating is then dried, using any conventional dryingmethod. Among the conventional drying means that may be utilized areinfrared heating, air knife drying, heated blowers drying, heated rolls,heated oven drying and the like. The drying time typically ranges fromless than 30 seconds to about five minutes. Following drying, theacrylic latex coated granular surface building material product is thencut and packaged. The granular surfaced building products of the presentinvention, which have been treated with the acrylic latex coating, arethen used in the conventional manner known to those skilled in the art.

The following examples are given to illustrate the scope of the presentinvention. Because these examples are given for illustrative purposesonly, the invention should not be deemed limited thereto.

Example 1 Granule Adhesion Measurement of Latex Coated Asphalt RoofingProducts

Latex coated test samples and control samples were produced and testedfor granule adhesion in accordance with ASTM standard D 4977 utilizing a3M RTM 400 four-head tester granule adhesion test apparatus, a 3Mabrasion test brush and balance.

Control samples were first produced from granule embedded rolled polymermodified asphalt-roofing. The rolled asphalt-roofing comprised anon-woven polyester mat substrate having a polymer filled asphaltcoating and embedded granules. Six control samples were prepared from arolled asphalt-roofing sheet by cutting six specimens, wherein two ofthe samples were cut from a middle region of the sheet adjacent to themachine direction; two samples were cut two inches in from thenon-selvege edge adjacent to the machine direction and two samples werecut two inches in from the selvege edge adjacent to the machinedirection, the machine direction being the direction in which theasphalt-roofing product is produced on a line prior to being cut.

A second set of samples in which a latex of a copolymer of butylacrylate and styrene was applied to the asphalt rolled roofing inaccordance with the present invention was prepared in accordance withthe procedure utilized in the preparation of the control samples.

Each latex coated test sample and control sample, after being weighed,was then secured into a 3M RTM 400 four-head tester granule adhesiontest apparatus, incorporating a 3M abrasion test brush. The test brushthen contacted the surface of the latex coated test sample, where thetest brush was then stroked longitudinally across the test sample for 50cycles, where one cycle equals 2 strokes. The test samples where thenweighed a second time. The difference between the first weight andsecond weight represented the granule rub loss. The test was repeatedfor each latex coated test sample and each control sample. The resultsof the granule loss measurements are provided in Table 1.

The granule rub loss sample is under pressure from the 3M RTM 400abrasion test. Friction between granules and the bristles in the brushproduce heat. Therefore, improved rub loss directly correlates withimproved tracking resistance, as measured by this test. If the depth atwhich the bristles penetrate the test sample decreases, an increase intracking resistance is present.

TABLE 1 GRANULE RUB LOSS Sample No. AVER- STD 1 2 3 4 5 6 AGE DEVGranule loss 1.53 3.37 2.84 3.19 2.99 3.29 2.87 .68 for samples havingno coating (grams) Granule loss .09 .08 .12 .12 .15 .96 .25 .35 forsamples having latex coating (grams)

Example 2 Granule Stain Testing of Latex Coated Asphalt Roofing

Latex coated test samples and control samples were produced and testedfor granule staining in accordance with the below disclosed testingprocedure utilizing a force hot dry oven and a Macbeth colorsurveillance system.

Control samples were first cut from granule embedded rolled modifiedasphalt-roofing. The asphalt-roofing comprised a non-woven polyestersubstrate coated with polymer filled asphalt upon which granules wereembedded. Three 10″×10″ control samples were prepared from rolledasphalt-roofing where a first control sample was cut two inches in fromthe selvege edge, another sample was cut from a middle region of thesheet; and a third sample was cut four inches in from the non-selvegeedge. Three 10″×10″ latex coated test samples were then cut in the abovemanner from a latex coated asphalt-roofing product. The tests specimenwas then heated in a force hot dry oven for approximately four hours ata temperature of about 210° F. The test specimens were then cooled toroom temperature.

The Macbeth color surveillance system was then calibrated using a whiteceramic calibration tile. Following calibration, the lightness of thetest samples was then measured and recorded using the Macbeth colorsurveillance system. Measurements of the test samples were taken in bothmachine and transverse directions. The Macbeth color surveillance systemexpresses lightness numerically, where a value of 0 corresponds to blackand increasing numerical values indicate increasing lightness up to avalue of 100 indicative of pure white. Variations in the lightness ofthe asphalt coated rolled roofing samples indicates staining. Theresults of the lightness measurements are provided in Table 2.

TABLE 2 STAINING UNCOATED LATEX COATED SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 3 Transversedirection 69.31 Transverse direction 67.15 Machine direction 68.33Machine direction 67.28 AVERAGE 68.82 AVERAGE 67.215 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 4Transverse direction 53.89 Transverse direction 61.81 Machine direction54.71 Machine direction 60.71 AVERAGE 54.3 AVERAGE 61.26 Differencebetween sample 21.1% Difference between sample 8.9% 1 average and sample2 3 average and sample 4 average average. % IMPROVEMENT FOR LATEX COATEDSAMPLES OVER UNCOATED SAMPLES - 59%

Summary of the Results

The results summarized in Table 1 indicate that latex coated asphaltroofing products have an increased resistance to rub loss andsubstantially better tracking resistance at elevated temperature whencompared to similarly prepared roofing products without a latex coating.More specifically, the results summarized in Table 1 indicate thatgranule loss is decreased by approximately 90% in latex coated roofingproducts.

The results summarized in Table 2 indicate that an increase inresistance to staining is achieved by coating asphalt-roofing productswith a latex coating. Staining is indicated by a variation in lightnessvalues between different and heat aged roofing products. Table 2indicates that the lightness of uncoated asphalt rolled roofing variesby approximately 21% and that the lightness value of latex coatedshingles varies by approximately 9%. Table 2 indicates an improvement instaining resistance by approximately 59% for latex coated shingles ascompared to shingles without the inventive latex coating.

The above embodiments and examples are given above to illustrate thescope and spirit of the present invention. These embodiments andexamples will make apparent, to those of ordinary skill in the art,other embodiments and examples. These other embodiments and examples arewithin the contemplation of the present invention. Therefore, thepresent invention should be limited only by the appended claims.

1. A building product comprising: a substrate; granules embedded in saidsubstrate; and an acrylic latex coating said granules, a polymer of saidacrylic latex coating includes the repeating structural unit[CH₂—C(R¹)(COOR²)], where R¹ is hydrogen or C₁-C₈ alkyl; R² is hydrogen,cyano or C₁-C₈ alkyl; wherein said granules are encapsulated in theacrylic latex coating prior to the granules being embedded in saidsubstrate.
 2. The building product of claim 1 wherein said acrylic latexcoating comprises a homopolymer or copolymer of methacrylic acid, amethacrylate ester, an acrylate ester or acrylonitrile.
 3. The buildingproduct of claim 1 wherein said acrylic latex coating is applied suchthat its concentration is in the range of between about 0.5 grams/squarefoot and about 20 grams/square foot.
 4. The building product of claim 3wherein said acrylic latex coating concentration is in the range ofbetween about 1 gram/square foot and about 10 grams per square foot. 5.The building product of claim 1 wherein said granules are greenstone,nephelene syenite, common gravel, slate, ganister, quartz, sand,quartzite, greystone, argillite, coal slag, copper slag, or nickel slag.6. The building product of claim 5 wherein said granules are coated witha ceramic coating comprising a reaction product of an alkali metalsilicate and an aluminosilicate.
 7. The building product of claim 1wherein said substrate is coated with an asphalt coating.
 8. Thebuilding product of claim 7 wherein said building product is rolledroofing and said asphalt coating is a modified bitumen having a polymeradditive.
 9. The building product of claim 7 wherein said buildingmaterial product is a shingle and said asphalt coating is a non-modifiedbitumen.
 10. The building product of claim 1 wherein said substratecomprises a glass fiber web or polymeric web bound by a resin binder.11. The building product of claim 10 wherein said resin binder comprisesa urea-formaldehyde resin, a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a phenolicresin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, an acrylic resin, polyvinylacetate, or bone glue.
 12. The building product of claim 1 wherein saidsubstrate comprises a plastic material.
 13. The building product ofclaim 12 wherein said plastic material comprises polyolefin,polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, acrylic resins,acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene, copolymers of acrylonitrile,butadiene or styrene.
 14. The building product of claim 13 wherein saidsubstrate further comprises a filler.
 15. The building product of claim14 wherein said filler comprises calcium carbonate, talc, asbestos,silicates, or wood flour.
 16. The building product of claim 1 whereinsaid substrate comprises glass fibers, polyester fibers, cellulosicfibers, asbestos, steel fibers, alumina fibers, ceramic fibers, nylonfibers, graphite fibers, wool fibers, boron fibers, carbon fibers, jutefibers, polyolefin fibers, polystyrene fibers, acrylic fibers,phenolformaldehyde resin fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, aliphaticpolyamide fibers, polyacrylamide fibers, polyacrylimide fibers ormixtures thereof.
 17. The building product of claim 1 wherein saidbuilding product is flexible flooring, floor tiles, siding, roofingpanels, rolled roofing, or roofing shingles.